One of the chief disadvantages of wood in use
is its inability to retain its shape with the change in
the moisture content. It shrinks and swells as water is
desorbed or adsorbed in the cell wall of the wood fibre
which is composed primarily of cellulose ‘mnicrofibrils.
The hydroxyl groups—of—the e. e ll.ulose c.hain-exhibi^t—strong…-
affinity for water molecules* The hygroscopisity of wood
— is due to–these–water loving hydroxyl groups. In the swollen
state water is adsorbed to the easily ■ accessible–hydroxyl- — –
groups of the less^ordered..amorphous–region^–With-the loss
of water, on.Jurying 3 surface tension forces pull the adjacent
cej, ] nInsebchains together causing shrinkage of the fibres
equal to the volume of water removed.

Introduction :
This paper describes the paper making properties of
various types of paper prepared from the mixture of 8(eight) minor
hardwood species, viz, Itchri (Anogeissus acuminata), Amra
(Spondias pinnata) , Barta (Artocarpus lakoocha), Champhata
(Sapium baccatum) , Gutgutia (Walsura robusta), Chakua koroi
(Albizzia chinensis) , Kuramara (Pithecolobium angulatum) r -Jagga
dumur (Ficus glomerata). These minor hardwoods are scattered all
over Chittagong and Chittagong Hill Tract areas. In an earlier
work conducted in this Institute (1) chemical and semichemical
pulping studies of these mixed species were performed and the
effects of various pulping variables on the resultant pulps were
determined.

INTRODUCTION:
The Forests of Sunderbans are constituted of a total of 3,953
square miles of which 2,316 square miles belong to East Pakistan . Out of
2,316 Square miles, the land area is J,OO6,O6O acres, of which 939,820 acres
are productive forest lands

The part of Bengal bounded by the river system
Brahmaputra-Jamuna-Ganges to its North is generally known as
, North Bengal. The portion of North Bengal which came to Pakistan
and ’’Khiar”. ’Poli’
after independence of the country inherited small’areas of
natural forests. The scope of this papfer is limited to the
Pakistan portion of the North Bengal. Of the five Civil
Districts of North-Bengal namely, Rajshahi, Rangpur, Dinaj pur,
Pabna and Bogra, there is no forest at all in Pabna and Bogra.
About 85.5%: of the forest areas are situated at Dinajpur
district, 11,6 at Rangpur District. but* contiguous to the
, r ’ ‘• ■ ■ Dina.jpur forests and 2.5% at Rajshahi. The.forests of the
present Rajshahi district were also the part of undivided
Dinajpur district but became intercepted due to partition of
Dinajpur district-at the time of Independence.

Introduction :
leL.O./F.A.O. Course on forest working techniques and
training of forest works for countries in Asia and the Far East
was spread over four weeks. The first week was devoted only.jln
lectures, the next two weeks to field demonstrations of the operations already covered in class room lectures and the last week to
final reviewing of the previous lectures and the field demonstrations. The course covered the following subjects :
Timber cruising and marking,
Road planning and building,
Timber felling techniques with hand tools and with power saws,
Timber skidding, yarding and swinging,
Timber transportation by trucks,
Use & maintenance of hand tools, power saws & heavy equipments,
Timber grading and scaling,
Medical problems of iorest workers,
Need for vocational training of forest workers,
Work studies in forest operations.

Forestry research and education are loosely combined and are
located at buba about 12 miles south of Khartum . The Forest Education
and Research Centre at ouba was developed under the UNbF assistance.
• It consists of the seed certification laboratory, timber testing
laboratory, research nursery and the arboretum is located in the
“Green belt” which has been specially planted to protect Khartum city
from hot desiccating winds .

What is Paper?
Paper is a common and familiar material used in our day
to day work. The precariat production and consumption of paper
in a country reflect the extent of development of tha.t country.
• 1 f •
Paper is so much co-related to us that we cannot dream of happy
and worthy life without it. Our knowledge remains self-centered
if we fail to have some idea about this important pillar of
civilization.