BANGLADESH JOURNAL OF FOREST SCIENCE
A Half-yearly Peer Reviewed Journal of Bangladesh Forest Research Institute
A Half-yearly Peer Reviewed Journal of Bangladesh Forest Research Institute
Elemental Chlorine Free (ECF) pulp bleaching is now the dominant pulp bleaching process in the world to reduce the environmental pollution. The possibility of producing easy bleachable pulp from rubber stem and branches by oxygen delignification was studied in this study. Delignification of rubber wood was carried out by conventional Kraft pulping under varying conditions. Kraft pulp from rubber tree was bleached by DoEpD1 (where Do represents 2% chlorine dioxide, Ep represents peroxide reinforced alkaline extraction and D1 represents 1% chlorine dioxide) sequences. Kappa number and pulp yield of both stem and branch of rubber wood were comparable to other hardwood species before oxygen delignification. Oxygen delignification reduced kappa numbers 24.51% and 23.41%) and increased brightness 21.12% and 26.5l%o in branch and stem of rubber wood pulp, respectively at 20% active alkali (AA). Branch pulp obtained brightness 77.57% and for stem 79.50%>. After oxygen delignification branch pulp showed higher bleachability than stem pulp. The Kraft controls pulp could not reach target brightness of 80% using only DoEpD1 in stem and branch pulp. But oxygen delignified Kraft pulp reached brightness 83%for branch and for stem 81.3%). Paper making properties of the bleached pulps did not show significant variation after oxygen delignification, apart from tear index in oxygen pre-bleached pulp. Considering bleachability and papermaking properties, oxygen was the best pre-bleaching option for attaining standard ISO brightness (80%)) of stem and branch of pulp. The hand sheets were made and the physical strength properties of pre-bleached and final bleached pulp likely tear, tensile and burst were evaluated at 250 and 450 CSF (Canadian Standard Freeness) freeness level. The pulps produced from stem and branches of rubber tree possessed moderate strength properties. These could be used for producing moderate quality writing, printing and wrapping papers.
This paper presents the vascular plants (Angiosperms. Gymnosperms and Pteridophyta) of Hazarikhil Wildlife Sanctuary (HWS) in Bangladesh, which is managed by the Chattogram North Forest Division, have been rediscovered. A total of 462 species belonging to 313 genera under 100 families has been documented from the HWS of about 1177.53 ha. Habit analysis of vascular plants that, 184 are trees (40%). 69 shrubs (15%), 148 herbs (32%) and 61 species are climbers (13%) and two epiphytes. Euphorbiaceae is the dominant family represented by 29 taxa, followed by Fabaceae, Rubiaceae and Poaceae (24 taxa each), Asteraceae and Moraceae (16 taxa each), Acanthaceae (15 taxa), Convolvulaceae, Mimosaceae, and Verbenaceae (13 taxa each), Caesalpiniaceae (10 taxa) Lamiaceae, Sterculiaceae and Arecaceae (9 taxa each), Malvaceae and Anacardiaceae (8 taxa each), Amaranthaceae, Apocynaceae, Lauraceae, Araceae Meliaceae. Myrtaceae, Cyperaceae (7 taxa each) and Vitaceae (6 taxa). The Most common species was found the Ficus genera from this sanctuary. The Gymnosperm species of Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich was first recorded in Bangladesh from the study area. Nineteen rare species have been found whereas their plant genetic resources of this sanctuary. The native and tall tree species of the stratum has been described. A list of native trees suitable for reforestation in the HWS has been provided. The species are enumerated with scientific name, family name, bangla name(s), habit and habitat. The HWS is conserved by management plan for execution of National Conservation Strategy.
Plantation Trial Unit Division of Bangladesh Forest Research Institute (BFRI) carried out a research in the central coastal belt (Noakhali area) of Bangladesh with Areca catechu L., Cocos nucifera L., Phoenix sylvestris Roxb., and Borassus flabellifer L.from 2019 to 2021 in order to assess the growth performance of these four native palm species. Seedlings of these species, except C. nucifera, were raised in polybags, and 10—12-months-old seedlings were planted in the field in June of every year. The study was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications and the spacing was 1.82 m for A. catechu and 5.48 m for other three species. A. catechu had the highest survivability (96.67 and 70.33%) after 0.5 and 2.5 years of plantation, and C. nucifera had the highest (86.67%) survivability after 1.5 years of plantation. On the other hand, B. flabellifer had the lowest survivability (77.78%) after 0.5 years of plantation and P. sylvestris had the lowest (58.87 and 40.07%) after 1.5 years and 2.5 years. After 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 years of plantation, C. nucifera had the highest (1.13, 1.67, and 6.62 m) and B. flabellifer had the lowest (0.51, 0.75, and 1.08 m) height. After 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 years of plantation, the highest numbers of new fonds were found for C. nucifera (3.51 nos.), A. catechu (3.69 nos.), and P. sylvestris (4.67 nos.), respectively. But the lowest numbers (2.04, 3.34, and 3.33 nos.) of new fonds were found for B. flabellifer. This result will be helpful for raising large-scale plantations with these four palm species in the Noakhali coastal belt areas of Bangladesh.
Plantation Trial Unit Division of Bangladesh Forest Research Institute (BFRl) carried out a research in the western coastal area of Bangladesh during 2018—2020 in order to assess the growth of Sonneratia apetala (Keora) in relation to stand age. For this purpose, in the Char Kukri-Mukri area, 32 PSPs were established for eight age classes (11, 15, 20, 30, 35, 40, 42, and 45 years), and in the Rangabali area, 28 PSPs were established for seven age classes (30, 35, 42, 44, 45, 48, and 50years), followed by a stratified random sampling method. A significant difference was found (p < 0.05) for the height and diameter at breast height (DBH) growth of S. apetala stand among the different ages of plantation in both areas. At the Char Kukri-Mukri area, for 11 years old plantation found the highest height (0.357m) and DBH (0.570cm) growth rate after 1 year and continued after 2 years (0.662m; 1.085cm). On the other hand, for a stand age of 30 years, the highest height (0.216m) and DBH (0.246cm) growth rate were found in the Rangabali area after 1 year and continued after 2 years (0.353m; 0.390cm). A positive and strong relationship was found between height and DBH growth
rate after 1 and 2 years (r=0.850 and r=0.891) in the Char Kukri-Mukri area respectively. On the other hand, a positive and very strong relationship was found between height and DBH growth rate after 1 and 2 years (r=0.931 and r=0.913) in the Rangabali area
successively. This result will aid in the selection of appropriate forest management practices for managing S. apetala plantations on a sustainable basis in the western coastal belt of Bangladesh.
Toon wood (Cedrela toona) is less known in Bangladesh as a commercial timber species, but it also has the prospects of being used for joinery, musical instruments, and some specific furniture manufacturing purposes depending on its physical and mechanical properties. This study was intended to identify the compatibility of Toon (Cedrela toona) wood for furniture manufacturing in terms of exhibiting some machining and hand tool properties viz., planning, shaping, boring, mortising, and turning tests. The appraisal in both machining and hand tool property tests were based on the frequency of the defect-free samples. The finishing property was also ascertained by using two types of polishing materials, viz., carpa and shellac. The defects of the samples were conjectured by visual and tactile observation. The percentage of defect-free samples was assessed for each property operation and classified based on five quality grades. The results of this study mainly emphasized good working properties, and toon wood may be suitable for furniture manufacturing.
Heat treatment is often used for improve the dimensional stability of wood. In this study, the effect of heat treatment on physical and mechanical properties of Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) and Acacia hybrid (Mangium x Auriculiformis) wood were examined. Samples were exposed to temperature levels of 110°C, 130°C and 150°C for time spans ranging from 3, 6 and 9 hours. Treated samples had higher mechanical properties compared to control samples. Based on the findings, dimensional stability of all types of wood samples improved with heat treatment. It seems that properties of these wood evaluated were more pronounced with increasing temperature and time durations.
Artocarpus chanta Bmich, Ham. ex Wall. (Chapalish) is a large, deciduous indigenous forest tree species grown in natural forests. The seed of Chapalish is recalcitrant and loses viability within a few days of maturity that makes problem in storage of the seeds. Optimum storage conditions found useful for prolonging the viability of recalcitrant seeds through preventing water loss. The study was taken to identify the suitable storage methods in order to prolong the seed viability of A. chanta. Nmsery trial was conducted at the National Forest Seed Centre, Seed Orchard Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute to evaluate the effects of storage conditions and duration on germination of chapalish seeds. Seeds were stored in five different storage media, viz. i) open room (control), ii) sand, lii) chalk powder, iv) ash and v) sawdust with 8 different storage periods (days), viz. 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 days. The effects of storage media and storage periods (days) were assessed through seed germination and seedling growth performance. Viability and seedling growth performance were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by storage media, storage periods and their interactions. The results revealed that chalk powder media exhibited significantly higher germination percentage, root length, shoot length and vigor index. It also revealed that it can prolong the viability of Chapalish seeds up to 40 days with 60% germination and was statistically significant at 5% level. The findings may be useful to nursery practioners, foresters, and private plant growers for Chapalish seeds. The storage condition is convenient, low-cost and easily applicable to all nursery owners.
There is no abstract for full volume.
The experiment was undertaken to investigate the retention of 10% Chromated-Copper-Boron (CCB) solution (2:2:1) in Kala-koroi (Albizia lebbeck) (L.) Benth. wood applying soaking as well as diffusion method. The assessments were applied for 5, 7, 9 and 11 days for both the method. Retention was recorded 1.96 kg/m3,11.78 kg/m3,12.92 kg/m3 and 13.61 kg/m3 in A. lebbeck wood where soaking method applied. Moreover, retention was found 5.22 kg/m3, 6.43 kg/m3, 7.32 kg/m3 and 12.36 kg/m3 in A. lebbeck wood when diffusion method applied. In case of both methods the highest retention was recorded 13.61 kg/m3 and 12.36 kg/m3 for 11 days. Considering the Standard of Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution (BSTI), i.e., 13.61 kg/m3 and 12.36 kg/m3 retention can meet the suitability of the study.
A study was conducted from July 2015 to June 2017 in Hazarikhil Wildlife Sanctuary (HWS) of Bangladesh to find out mammalian species diversity, population density and identification of major threats to the mammalian species of this sanctuary. Various methods were used including transect survey to detect diurnal mammals, and camera trap to identify nocturnal mammals. A total of 33 species of mammals were recorded which belongs to 20 families under 9 orders. Among the recorded species, 13 species of carnivores, 4 bats, 2 Primates, and 6 species of rodents constitute the major pail of mammalian community. According to IUCN (2015), among the recorded 33 mammalian species, 11 species were threatened (4 critically endangered, 5 endangered, 2 vulnerable), 15 species were least concerned and 7 species were nearly threatened. Hunting and poaching, human-wildlife conflict, use of poison for fishing, road inside the forest, forest fire, encroachment for gardening, non-insulated electric wire, grazing were identified as major threats to the mammals of this sanctuary.
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