Introduction :
■ Watershed management is concerned with the hydrologic
effects of land use and vegetative management. Water is considered
a product of the land which, within limits set by nature, can be
managed just as other renewable natural resources. In watershed
management the emphasis is not on harnessing water in streams but
on managing on the land itself, before it enters the streams or
.ground water basins. Watershed management may be called as handmaid of Engineering Water Development. This is most evident where
engineering structures erected for better water supply and regulations of stream discharge are threatened by erosion and premature
sedimentation, where the remedy lies in the introductionof conservative land use practices and suitable vegetation patterns combatable with the water producing function of

Month
,n’.)
January,1970. Nil.” 64.2% 5O.5°F
0.47″ 62.07% 89°F
March, 1990. 1.08″ ?V”
1
( Data collected by Mr.Abdur Rahman Khan. )
•-■
. c.
• i. •
• /
I
1
Rainfall,
total for
the month.
(average for the
month.)
February ,1970
97°F
81°F
64.4°F

Prior to the partition of Indo-Pakistan sub-continent,
the sal forests of this sub-continent were managed under both
high forest systems and coppice systems. Of the high forest
systems-clear felling system and selection system and of the
coppice systems-the simple coppice system and the coppice with
standard system were mostly in practice. Selection system was
the main silvicultural system for sal in the outer hills of
the United Provinces. Selection system was never in practice
for sal in the portion now fallen in East Pakistan and the
only system for sal of this portion was coppice system. As a
result of working under coppice system, the sal forests of
this part have become deteriorated to a great extent.

Noakhali is a non-forest district of East Pakistan.
The problems of this district are many-fold of which the natural
calamities such as floods, tidal waves and Cyclone are the most
important. The district is located on the north of Bay of Bengal
which is notoriously a Cyclonic zone. The entire district is
flat, intercepted by mighty rivers and their delta. The Southern
part consists of a number of islands.which are continuously being
silted and enlarged. New islands are being formed due to siltation and appear only at low tide. The general level of the district
is a little above Sea level and a slight tidal wave causes destruction to houses and crops. It appears from historical records
that prior to 20th century the area was fully vegetated where
special efforts were made to colonize people by giving special
facilities in the remission of land revenue and cash advances etc.
In the beginning the Colonization was slow , most probably because
of the known ravages of the climatic factor due to its location.
The economic gains appear to have been so promising that in spite
of the dangers of climatic ravages the colonization progressed
steadily but slowly and at prese

The subject for the seminar was ’’Pie c hanization of
Site preparation”. During the Seminar and field trips, however,
much wider field was covered. Actually the technology and level
of mechanization of various forestry operations connected with
re-forestation, afforestation and protective afforestation was
discussed and demonstrated.

“-The^economiq. development of a country or a region
is basically a question of increas^bL^roductivity.. The history
of especially the; last two centuries shows a spectan-H-lar ‘ ‘
and in each field of economic activity~we will.
find planned and. unplanned efforts to induce a change..Forestry
…makes no. exception. Although progress here, has been less marked
than in the manufacturing industries, there has-been a steady
growth of productivity-In all countried-where a regular-forest
management has superseded the extractive – and partly destruc-
, tive * practices of earlier times. With the particular^ atrueture ^
of .reproductive forestry we can conceptually distinguish-between.’.
a.growth of the productivity of land (yield per acre) and the
– productivity of labour (output per man-day.)
B

Bleaching studies were conducted on the semichemical
pulp prepared’ from thei_mixture of 8(eight) minor hardwood
species-namely Itchri (Anogeissus acuminata), Amra (bpondias
Pinnata) , Barta (Art oca rpus lakoocha), dhamphata {Eapium baccaturn) , Gu

The seminar was sponsored by the Food & Agriculture
Organisation and the International Labour Organisation of the
United Nations, and hosted by the Forestry Agency of the Government of Japan. 13 countries of Asia and the Far East .participated in the Seminar with 26 participants. The primary object of
the Seminar was to introduce improved forest working technique
and the training of forest workers in the countries in Asia and
the Far East. While in Europe, U.S.A., Canada and other developed countries substantial progress has been made in introduction of improved forest working technique and training of forest
workers in various specific jobs, many of the developing countries could not substantially contribute in these lines. The
importance of introduction of improved techniques in forestry
. operation and the vital role played by the workers in making it
a success, cannot be over emphasised. Pakistan like many other
developing countries could not yet introduce the improved forest
. working techniques and the forest workers’ training in the r£al
sense of the term. The training programme in Pakistan is at present limited to the supervisory staff of Forest Department.. No
step has yet been taken to train the forest workers to obtain
the maximum benefit.