Ecosystem exists at all scales. Ecosystem ranges from a grain of soil to the entire planet and include forests, rivers, wetlands, grasslands, estuaries and coral reefs. The global economy has seen incredible growth over recent decades; growth that has been fuelled by the erosion of the planet’s natural assets. Ecosystem degradation is an environmental problem that diminishes the capacity of species to survive. Ecological restoration has a growing role in policy aimed at reversing the widespread effects of environmental degradation that includes activities to assist the recovery of ecosystem structure and function; and the associated provision of goods and services. On 1st March, 2019, the United Nations
(UN) General Assembly (New York, USA) declared the decade of 2021-2030 the “UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration”. The purpose has been to recognize the need massively accelerate global restoration of degraded ecosystems, and to fight the climate heating crisis and protect biodiversity on the planet. The Sundarbans is the largest mangrove forest in the world; and it is known for its’ rich biodiversity. Due to the increasein salinity, natural disasters, sea-level rise, illegal felling of trees and over-exploitation of scanty available natural resources, the Sundarbans is losing its rich biodiversity. Thus, this review aims in highlighting the restoration initiatives taken to reverse and conserve the Indian Sundarbans ecosystem. Nurturing this vision, there are three main goals of the UN Decade’s strategy: prevention of degradation, increasing multiple benefits and implementing the idea of ecosystem restoration in education system. There could be a strong corporation between Indian and Bangladesh Governments for long term, sustainable and holistic management of the entire Sundarbans region.