BANGLADESH JOURNAL OF FOREST SCIENCE
A Half-yearly Peer Reviewed Journal of Bangladesh Forest Research Institute
A Half-yearly Peer Reviewed Journal of Bangladesh Forest Research Institute
Pot culture experiments were carried out in non-pasteurised soil to determine the effects ofsix different VAM fungi such as Gigaspora margarita, Glomus deserticola, G. fasciculatiim, G. mosseae, G. monosporum and G. versiforme individually as well as in combinations with Frankia sp. on the seedling growth of Casuarina equisetifolia. Inoculation of VAM fungi or Frankia sp. increased the growth and biomass. Among the different VAM fungi, Glomusfasciculatiim followed by G. versiforme significantly enhanced the growth, stem girth and biomass. Inoculation with G. monosporum increased mycorrhizal infection and spore number in the soil. Co-inoculation with Gigaspora margarita and Frankia sp. significantly increased root colonization and spore number. Nodule number and nodular biomass were increased with the inoculation of VAM fungi. They were further increased by inoculations with Frankia sp. with a maximum in G. mosseae and Frankia sp. inoculated seedlings. Inoculation with Gigaspora margarita individually orin combination with Frankia sp.significantly increased tissue P and K concentration. Significant increase of N concentration was observed in Glomus monosporum inoculation.
The rural people depend largely on homestead forestry for their fuel, energy and house building materials (Alam et al. 1988). Deforestation of this homestead forstry have been causing severe environmental degradation and poor yield of crops, livestock, fisheries, etc. (Haq 1986).
Considering these facts, the present study was conducted to find out the perception of the farmers regarding the impact of homestead
afforestation and deforestation on environmental upgradation and degradation respectively. The Salna village under Kaultia Union which is adjacent to the national forest area of Gazipur district was selected for thisstudy. Out of 378 farmers 100 were selected randomly as sample. Data were collected through personal interview, using a semi-structured interview schedule during October24 toNovember23,1996. The trend of plant population was measured by considering 1975 as the baseline year and then the change was shown after 10 years (1985), 5 years (1990), 5 years (1995) and the study year which is 1996. The 5 years gap was used for two times because it was assumed that the awareness programme regarding deforestation wasstrengthened from that time. The number of tree during the past period was measured on the basis of number mentioned by the farmers depending on their memory. For this reason, the farmers aged above 40 years were selected for the study.
The effect ofsalinity on the germination of Sonneratia apetala Buch.-Ham. was studied. The best germination success was observed in the 0-5 ppt salinity range with the highest value (98.67%) at the 0 ppt (fresh water) level. Germination success decreased significantly with the increasing level of salinity. Increasing salinity also remarkably delayed the germination. Satisfactory germination success was observed when salt treated seeds were sown in fresh water condition. This indicates that salt has only a reversible inhibitory effect on germination. The rate of recovery from the inhibitory effect of salt was not found to be sensitive to the level of salinity, and did not exhibit any definite relationship with the length of exposure of seed to the saline condition
The term allelopathy, literally meaning mutual harm, refers to the positive or negative influences of one plant with or without microbial action upon anotherthroughchemicalmeans other than nutritional. Allelopathy depends on chemical compounds mainly added to the environment from living plants or dead and decaying parts(Tang 1986). Thenumber and diversityofthe compounds involved in allelopathy are growing
rapidly. These chemicals may be produced by various parts of the plant such as roots and leaves (Horseley 1977), pollen (Ortega et al. 1988), seeds or fruits (Friedman et al. 1982), although roots and leaves are the main sources (Horseley 1977). Autotoxicity is apparently a negative feature of allelochemical production avoided by some species through excreting or sequestering of chemicals involved in structures. The
allelochemicals can be classified based on the nature of producers, systematics of donor and receiver, inhibitory and stimulatory activity or
upon the self or alien origin. During the last few years effortshave beenmade to exploitallelopathy for weed management, pest management,
comparison and rational cropping, agroforestry and other.
One hundred and eight species of macrohymenopterans belonging to fifteen families and fifty six genera were recorded from the Silent Valley
National Park. The families Sphecidae, Formicidae, Pompilidae and Apidae contained maximum number of species. The insects were collected from five habitats, viz., tropical evergreen forest, subtropical broad leaved hill forest, montane wet temperate forest, low altitude grasslands and high altitude grasslands. Of the various species recorded in this study, seven genera and eleven species are new reportsfor Kerala and seven species are new reports for India.
Eucalyptus camaldulensis poles were treated with 50 : 50 creosote-light diesel oil mixture. The poles contained an average of 53.85% sapwood which was readily perishable by wood destroying organisms if untreated. The poles were treated by the Bethel Full-Cell process using varying pressure and duration to evaluate the effect on penetration and retention of the preservative mixture. It was found that with the simultaneous increase of both treating pressure and time, no significant increase in pentration was achieved. On the other hand, with the increase of treating pressure only, the retention of pressrvative in the sapwood was increased significantly. A penetration of 3.5 cm with retention of 318. 45 kg/m3 in the treated sapwood could be obtained by using 10.57 kg/cm2 pressure for 3 hours. This amount of penetration is considered adequate to protect the sapwood region of the pole.
Teli garjan (Dipterocarpus turbinatus) is the most important indigenous species included for long term plantation programme in Bangladesh. Site indices models have been derived for the species in the plantations of Bangladesh. The selected models derived in the study could be satisfactorily used for teli garjan plantations having ages 3-60 years and site indices of 25-55 metres based on a base age or rotation of 45 years.
A study was conducted with 15 lesser used/unused medium density
(0.52-0.68) wood species of Bangladesh to determine their hardboard making
characteristics. The species tested were barta (Artocarpus lakoocha), chalta (Dillenia
iiidica), dakroom (Mitragyna rotundifalia), gab (Diospyros peregrine), hargaza (Dillenia
pcntagynn), jhumka bhadi (Engelhardtia spicata), kamdev (Calophyllum polyanthum),
kao (Garcinia cowa), kasturi (Cinnamomum cecidodaphne), kerung (Pongamia pinnata),
moos (Pterospernium acerifolium), pairag (Canarium risiiiiferum), rata (Aphanamixis
polystachya), tali (Palagttiuni polyanthum) and uriam (Mangifera sylvatica). It wasfound
that all the species except barta, kasturi and uriam produced good or even better
quality hardboard than that ofsundri (Heritierafames) a widely used wood species in
Khulna Hardboard Mills
The exact flowering cycles (from seed to seed) ofbamboos are known for few species. Most of the pastreports on bamboo flowering cycles are
based on speculation and estimation (Hasan 1973, Banik 1991). The flowering cycles for many species of bamboo from India, Bangladesh and
Myanmar were reported (Cavendish 1905, Blatter 1930, Bor 1941, Hasan 1973, Bahadur 1980, Naithani 1990, Banik 1991, Alam 1995). This paper
presentsthe estima ted flowering cycles of Bambusa burmanica Gamble, B. cacharensis Majumdar and B. jaintiana Majumdar based on past records and recent flowering (Table 1)
In 1990, a serious root rot disease was observed in different strip plantations of Court Chandpur-Subdalpur railroad, Jessore-Benapole highway and Jessore-Satkhira road of greater Jessore district. These plantations were covered with trees such as Cassia siamea, Acacia
auriculiformis, A. nilotica, Albizia procera, Leucena leucocephala and Dalbergia sissoo. The affected trees died in patches showing wilting symptoms. C. siamea, A. auriculiformis and A. procera were affected most, whereas A. nilotica, L. leucocephala and D. sissoo were least affected. The leaves of the diseased trees became brown, dried up and remained attached to the dead branches. After excavation of roots, whitish mats of mycelia were observed on the branch and anchor roots of the trees. Typical fruit bodies were seen on the collar region, exposed roots and on Clerodendruni viscosum and Glycosmis pentaphylla situated at the vicinity of the infected trees (Figs. 1 and 2). The bark of roots were rotted and, in most cases, the rotting was extended up to the collar region. The fungus responsible for the disease was isolated and identified as Fomes lignosus (Klotzsch) Bres. Heavily infected trees were removed from the sites. Basal area covering one metre radius of each diseased tree was drenched with 2% commercial formalin. The second spray was given 15 days after the first. The sprays, however, could notsave the diseased trees butfurtherspread ofthe disease symptom was checked.
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