Where there is sincere desire and a felt need for
improvement, there must be emphasis on research. In U.S.S.R.
there exists such an emphasis visible everywhere. Large number of research Scientists are engaged in productive research activities in many well-equipped research Institutes dealing with problems of logging and wood-based industries.Adequate funds are provided for annual budget of these institutes. They are provided with pilot plants and experimental
farms where they can try and test efficiencies of various
equipments and techniques designed and developed by them.

Prior to the partition of Indo-Pakistan sub-continent,
the sal forests of this sub-continent were managed under both
high forest systems and coppice systems. Of the high forest
systems-clear felling system and selection system and of the
coppice systems-the simple coppice system and the coppice with
standard system were mostly in practice. Selection system was
the main silvicultural system for sal in the outer hills of
the United Provinces. Selection system was never in practice
for sal in the portion now fallen in East Pakistan and the
only system for sal of this portion was coppice system. As a
result of working under coppice system, the sal forests of
this part have become deteriorated to a great extent.

Family: Elephantidae. ■ -Local name: Hati.
Its long
J
t 77 i-..
ELEPHANT
(Elephas maximus)
The majestic ’elephant which is associated with the
Indo-Pakistan Sub-continent from time immemorial with the
spendour of her princely pageantry is one of the most prized
animal of our forests. Along with the famed Royal Bengal Tigers,
this animal also can rightly claim to be one of the most fabulous
animal of this, part of the country. But unlike the Royal Bengal
Tiger which found its way from northern-cooler country, the
fossil remains prove beyond doubt that the elephants can claim
this Sub-continent as their ancestral home for long 5,00,000
years. Fossil remains of seven species of true elephants and
eight species of mastodons have been discovered in the IndoPakistan Sub-continent. They used to roam around the sub-continent
in the prehistoric days,. One by one they faced extinction and
to-day we are left with .only one species in the whole of the
Sub-continent. East Pakistan having possessed a share of this,
unique species of the;olden days can rightly be proud of.

Month
,n’.)
January,1970. Nil.” 64.2% 5O.5°F
0.47″ 62.07% 89°F
March, 1990. 1.08″ ?V”
1
( Data collected by Mr.Abdur Rahman Khan. )
•-■
. c.
• i. •
• /
I
1
Rainfall,
total for
the month.
(average for the
month.)
February ,1970
97°F
81°F
64.4°F

Month
July, 1969. 27.66” 35.3%
August,1969. 27.97” 37-5% 89°F
September,1969. 12.80” 80. b%
” T H E ENO.”
{for the
(month.
METEOROLOGICAL DaTA FOR THE PERIOD
JULY-SEPTEMBER,1969 RECORDED AT THE
FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE METEOROLOG1CAL STATION.
73 °F
92°F 75.9°F
93 °F

Introduction :
■ Watershed management is concerned with the hydrologic
effects of land use and vegetative management. Water is considered
a product of the land which, within limits set by nature, can be
managed just as other renewable natural resources. In watershed
management the emphasis is not on harnessing water in streams but
on managing on the land itself, before it enters the streams or
.ground water basins. Watershed management may be called as handmaid of Engineering Water Development. This is most evident where
engineering structures erected for better water supply and regulations of stream discharge are threatened by erosion and premature
sedimentation, where the remedy lies in the introductionof conservative land use practices and suitable vegetation patterns combatable with the water producing function of

INTRODUCTION :
ROLE OF FOKLblb, FOREST INDUSTRY,AND FOxtEST
EXTENSION &, KESLhRCH IN This EOuNOmY OF ThL_ COUNTRY.
with a little dispassionate thinking one is
likely to conclude that possibly no other natural resource
of the world has been so shabbily treated by the human beings
as the forests had been from the pre-historic days till
to-day, both collectively and individually. The original
inhabitants of the earth lived mostly as denizens of the
forests depended on forests and forest products for their
food and shelter. But they gradually cleared the forests
to their advantage to live a better life away from the
forests. New society has grown, new civilization built up,
new kingdom established, new economy flourished at the cost
of and on destruction of forests. But hardly people have
realised its importance or care to look back with any sense
of gratitude to this important natural resource of the world,
is so vital even in the modern civilized society. Forest and
forest products have been playing important role to the
nations in support of agriculture , in the growth of industry, giving protection in natural clamities and making provision for its growing population in earning livelihood and
thereby helping economic development of nations in earning
or saving foreign exchange. Forest products are again in
the service of any individual from T cradle to coffin1 but
very often an individual offers his gratitude by using his
injudicious brutal axe in cutting a mighty tree, which might
have grown for over hundred years serving his fellow men for
generations, and even without caring to replace this gift of
nature by planting atleast a similar one is a suitable pice.

Pakistan consists of two regions, viz., East and West
Pakistan, separated by nearly 1,000 miles of Indian territory,
climatic conditions, the soil and forest types of these two regions
are varied. On the national basis, less than ten per cent of the
total land area is classified as forest and range land. In-East
Pakistan, however, 17.3 per cent of the land area is forest land of
which approximately ten per cent is under scientific management and
the remaining 7.3 per cent is in the category of unclassed state
forests where shifting cultivation by the tribal people is practised.
Less than one third 01″ the forest area in West Pakistan is regarded
as productive forest hind and the balance is range land,