A Half-yearly Peer Reviewed Journal of Bangladesh Forest Research Institute
Members of Loranthaaeae are semiparasitic angiosperms and are popularly known as mistletoes. They cause more economic loss than any other angiospermia parasites. They mostly attack dicotyledors and gymnosperms which include horticultural plants as well as forest trees. Control of mistletoes has been advocated and practised throughout the world. Gill and Hawksworth (1961) suggested (i) physical removal and (ii ) chemical control as direct control measures. Silvicultural management system like thinning and use of isolation strips have been stated to be effective in reducing the infestation and spread of dwarf mistletoes (Greenham and Hawksworth 1964 ; Hawksworth et al. 1977). Certain amount of natural control exists in some areas where particular insectsand fungi reduce the infestation (Greenham and Hawksworth 1964). Gill and Hawksworth (1961) gave brief notes on insect attack of dwarf mistletoes. Approach towards the biological control of mistletoes by insects has been indicated by Hawksworth (1971 ) and Smith and Funk ( 1980 ). Graves and Graves ( 1980) noted that the larvae of Citheronid regalis ( Citheronoiidae : Lepidoptera) feed on the leaves of Citheronid regalis ( Citheronoiidae :Lepidoptera) feed on the leaves of Phoradendron flavescens (Pursh) Nutt.