Forest tree species are generally propagated from seeds, seedlings and stumps.Vegetative propagation from roots and shoot cuttings is another technique by which identical propagules could be perpetuated and proliferated.

Grafting, cutting and air-layeiing are the basic techniques of propagation and
are very useful for tree breeding and improvement work. The importance of
vegetative propagation is gradually increasing for establishment of Seed Orchard and
Clonal Orchard (Jones 1979).